在WSL中安装NixOS

Install NixOS-WSL

First, download nixos.wsl from the latest release.1 https://github.com/nix-community/NixOS-WSL/releases/tag/2505.7.0

If you have WSL version 2.4.4 or later installed, you can open (double-click) the .wsl file to install it. It is also possible to perform the installation from a PowerShell:

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wsl --install --from-file nixos.wsl

nixos.wsl must be the path to the file you just downloaded if you’re running the command in another directory.

You can use the --name and --location flags to change the name the distro is registered under (default: NixOS) and the location of the disk image (default: %localappdata%\wsl\{some random GUID}). For a full list of options, refer to wsl --help

To open a shell in your NixOS environment, run wsl -d NixOS, select NixOS from the profile dropdown in Windows Terminal or run it from your Start Menu. (Adjust the name accordingly if you changed it)

• 参考资料

https://nix-community.github.io/NixOS-WSL/install.html

配置vscode远程访问

The VSCode Remote server can not be run as-is on NixOS, because it downloads a nodejs binary that requires /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 to be present, which isn’t the case on NixOS.

There are two options to get the server to run. Option 1 is more robust but might impact other programs. Option 2 is a little bit more brittle and sometimes breaks on updates but doesn’t influence other programs. Both options require wget to be installed:

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environment.systemPackages = [
    pkgs.wget
];

Option 1: Set up nix-ld
nix-ld is a program that provides /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, allowing foreign binaries to run on NixOS.

To set it up, add the following to your configuration:

programs.nix-ld.enable = true;

• 参考资料

https://nix-community.github.io/NixOS-WSL/how-to/vscode.html

nix-rebuil命令

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nixos-rebuild {switch | boot | test | build | dry-build | dry-activate | edit | build-vm | build-vm-with-bootloader}
[{ --upgrade | --upgrade-all }] [--install-bootloader] [--no-build-nix] [--fast] [--rollback] [--builders builder-spec]
[--flake flake-uri] [--override-input input-name flake-uri]
[{ --profile-name | -p } name]
[--build-host host] [--target-host host] [--use-remote-sudo]
[--show-trace] [-I path] [{--verbose | -v}] [{--impure}] [{--max-jobs | -j} number] [{--keep-failed | -K}] [{--keep-going | -k}]

几个常见的命令

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nixos-rebuild list-generations
sudo nix-collect-garbage -d
sudo nixos-rebuild boot
sudo nixos-rebuild switch -p profile-name 

其中最后一条命令详解如下：

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--profile-name,  -p

    Instead of using the Nix profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system to keep track of the current and previous system configurations, use /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-profiles/name. When you use GRUB 2, for every system profile created with this flag, NixOS will create a submenu named “NixOS - Profile 'name'” in GRUB’s boot menu, containing the current and previous configurations of this profile.

    For instance, if you want to test a configuration file named test.nix without affecting the default system profile, you would do:

    $ nixos-rebuild switch -p test -I nixos-config=./test.nix

    The new configuration will appear in the GRUB 2 submenu “NixOS - Profile 'test'”.

可以在/nix/var/nix/profiles/system-profiles/ 目录下找到标签相关的文件，删除掉标签目录，重新执行一次sudo nixos-rebuild boot 就可以删除标签相关grub启动项目。

更新channel源

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sudo nix-channel --add https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/nix-channels/nixos-24.11 nixos
sudo nix-channel --update

注意修改nixos-24.11到匹配的版本

启用flatpak

1. 在/etc/nixos/configuration.nix中添加如下代码，启用flatpak

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# flatpak support
xdg.portal.extraPortals = [ pkgs.xdg-desktop-portal-kde ];
xdg.portal.enable = true;
services.flatpak.enable = true;

2. 启用蓝牙

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hardware.bluetooth.enable = true; # enables support for Bluetooth
hardware.bluetooth.powerOnBoot = true; # powers up the default Bluetooth controller on boot

3. 启用系统级工具

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environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
  vim
  wget
  pkgs.git
  pkgs.nodejs_20
  pkgs.texliveSmall
  cpkgs.hexo-cli
  pkgs.pandoc
  pkgs.vscode
  pkgs.microsoft-edge
  pkgs.texliveSmall

];

4. 安装字体及输入法

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i18n.inputMethod = {
    
    enable = true;    
    type = "fcitx5";
    fcitx5.addons = with pkgs; [
      fcitx5-gtk             # alternatively, kdePackages.fcitx5-qt
      fcitx5-chinese-addons  # table input method support
      fcitx5-nord            # a color theme
      fcitx5-fluent
      fcitx5-material-color
      rime-data
      fcitx5-rime
    ];

  };

  fonts = {
    packages = with pkgs; [
      noto-fonts
      noto-fonts-cjk-sans
      noto-fonts-cjk-serif
      source-code-pro
      hack-font
      jetbrains-mono
    ];
  };

5. 配置网络

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# Enable networking
networking.networkmanager.enable = true;
networking.networkmanager.dns = "none";
networking.nameservers = [
  "223.5.5.5"
  "8.8.8.8"
  "114.114.114.114"
];

6. 更新系统执行sudo nixos-rebuild switch更新系统

7. 修改flatpak源，并安装常用软件

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sudo flatpak remote-modify flathub --url=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/flathub

flatpak install flathub md.obsidian.Obsidian